Key findings
- →Time saved per participant averaged 4.2 hours per week.
- →Self-reported trust in absent colleagues dropped 0.4 points on a 7-point scale.
- →Trust impact was halved when the twin's decisions were transparent and revocable.
What it means in practice
Twin-attended meetings are efficient but corrode trust unless they include strong transparency affordances. Organizations should treat transparency as a first-class design requirement, not a setting.